Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 21, 2026

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel
Published on: May 23, 2025
Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia in the upper limb: seven additional cases
Nicholas C Smith1, Peter R Carter, Marybeth Ezaki
1Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia. nicholas.smith@ozemail.com.au
Abstract:
Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia is a benign bone lesion known to cause deformity around the knee in young children. Three cases affecting the long bones of the upper limb have been reported, and little is known of the natural history. This study reports seven more cases affecting the upper extremity. All patients presented with deformity in early childhood. The location was the radius in two, the ulna in three, the proximal phalanx in one, and the middle phalanx in one. The radiographic appearance of the condition is diagnostic, regardless of the bone it affects. Proportional shortening of the affected segment was present in all patients. The phalangeal cases had marked deformity and were osteotomized, with early recurrence of the deformity in one case. The forearm lesions did not all resolve spontaneously. In the two patients with 7-year follow-up, the length discrepancy increased from 0.5 cm to 2 cm and a degree of cosmetic deformity remained, without functional impairment. Ulna lesions place the radiocapitellar joint at risk for dislocation and should be observed for this complication.
Related Concept Videos
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...