Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 21, 2026

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
Published on: April 18, 2013
Current concepts and applications of coronary venous retroinfusion
Peter Boekstegers1, Christian Kupatt
1Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany. boekstegers@med1.med.unimuenchen.de
Abstract:
Retroinfusion of the coronary veins has gained attention for therapeutic approaches which target drugs, genes or cells to ischemic myocardium. Besides anatomy of the coronary venous system, the pressure flow relationship during retroinfusion and the efficacy of pressure-regulated selective retroinfusion for targeted delivery of drugs is reported. Moreover, we describe adenoviral and liposomal gene transfer into ischemic and nonischemic myocardium, outline studies in chronic ischemic preclinical models treated by retroinfusion of pro-angiogenic agents and discuss the impact of retroinfusion for cell-based regenerative therapy of the diseased myocardium.
Related Concept Videos
Venous Return
What is Venous Return?
Venous return refers to the rate at which blood flows back to the heart from the body's peripheral veins. It's an integral part of the circulatory system as it...
Coronary Circulation
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...
Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview
Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care
Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization

