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Treatment outcome in endodontics-The Toronto Study. Phases I and II: apical surgery
Nancy Wang1, Keith Knight, Thuan Dao
1Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract:
This study prospectively assessed the 4 to 8 yr outcome of apical surgery performed by graduate students in phases I and II of the Toronto Study. The study cohort included 155 teeth in 138 patients. Outcome was assessed by a blinded and calibrated examiner. Clinical and radiographic measures were used for a dichotomous outcome: healed (no signs and symptoms, Periapical Index score /= 3). The recall rate was 85% and the overall healed rate 74%. Healed rate was significantly higher for teeth with small (
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