Changing albumen-membrane adhesive forces during early embryonic development

Using acoustic resonance analysis, it is possible to detect embryonic development. In fertile eggs, the resonant frequency suddenly decreases after about 100 h of incubation. Previous research has shown that this decrease coincides with changing mechanical properties of the albumen near the shell, caused by the formation of subembryonic fluid (SEF). In the present experiment, the adhesive forces between the shell, the membranes, and the albumen were measured before and after the decrease in the resonant frequency. The adhesive forces between shell and outer membrane and between the 2 membranes remained constant, whereas the adhesive force between the inner membrane and the albumen, indirectly measured by a Kjeldahl analysis, increased significantly. Whether the decrease in resonant frequency is caused by the increase of adhesive force between albumen and inner membrane or by the changed properties of the membranes (both of which are altered by dehydration of the albumen) is still open for discussion.