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Physiology and pathophysiology of lung development
1Buffalo Institute of Fetal Therapy, Children's Hospital of Buffalo, and School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14214, USA.
Summary
Advances in understanding fetal lung development and molecular mechanisms have led to new therapies. Surfactant therapy is a key innovation for neonatal respiratory management, improving outcomes for conditions like respiratory distress syndrome.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Pulmonary Biology
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Significant advancements in understanding fetal lung development and regulation through molecular biology.
- Improved comprehension of the pathological basis of pulmonary diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the impact of new knowledge on therapeutic modalities in clinical practice.
- To discuss the role of surfactant therapy in neonatal respiratory management.
Main Methods:
- Review of molecular biological mechanisms of lung growth and differentiation.
- Analysis of the clinical application and efficacy of exogenous surfactant administration.
Main Results:
- Surfactant therapy has become a milestone in treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), reducing mortality and morbidity.
- Exogenous surfactant administration is being evaluated for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) treatment.
Conclusions:
- Surfactant therapy is crucial for managing RDS and shows promise for CDH.
- Combination therapies, like surfactant with tracheal occlusion, may offer maximal benefits for complex lung diseases such as CDH.