Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

299
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
299
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

601
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
601
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

313
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
313
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

308
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
308
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

275
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
275
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

316
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
316

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Renal Allograft Histology at 10 Years After Transplantation in the Tacrolimus Era: Evidence of Pervasive Chronic Injury.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2017
Same author

Temporal IgG Subtype Changes in Recurrent Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2016
Same author

Changing Kidney Allograft Histology Early Posttransplant: Prognostic Implications of 1-Year Protocol Biopsies.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2015
Same author

Anti-phospholipase Aâ‚‚ receptor antibodies in recurrent membranous nephropathy.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2015
Same author

Kidney allograft function and histology in recipients dying with a functioning graft.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2014
Same author

Kidney allograft survival after acute rejection, the value of follow-up biopsies.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2013
Same journal

Real-World National Databases Versus Hypothesis-Driven Cohort Studies: A Reply to the Critique on the TURK-HF Registry Design.

Clinical cardiology·2026
Same journal

Comment on Wang et al.: Unaddressed Multiple Comparisons Risk Inflating Type, Error in Cardiovascular Specialty Nursing Research.

Clinical cardiology·2026
Same journal

Methodological and Statistical Confounding in Comparing Patient-Reported Outcomes Between Cardioversion and Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation.

Clinical cardiology·2026
Same journal

In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Detection Performance Analysis and Comparison on Effective Feature Selection.

Clinical cardiology·2026
Same journal

Interpreting the Association Between Diuretic Intensity Score and Mortality: The Potential Roles of Diuretic Responsiveness and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Therapy.

Clinical cardiology·2026
Same journal

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction-Like Phenotype in Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Insights From the RICCADSA Cohort.

Clinical cardiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Translational Model for Atrial Fibrillation Research Across Species
08:52

Author Spotlight: Developing a Translational Model for Atrial Fibrillation Research Across Species

Published on: November 21, 2023

1.4K

Atrial vulnerability.

F G Cosio1

  • 1Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, Madrid, Spain.

Clinical Cardiology
|March 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrophysiologic studies reveal abnormalities in patients with atrial flutter and fibrillation (AFF), but current findings lack the sensitivity and specificity for routine diagnosis. Further research is needed to establish clinical applications.

More Related Videos

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
08:10

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

2.0K
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
07:41

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

Published on: February 8, 2022

4.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Translational Model for Atrial Fibrillation Research Across Species
08:52

Author Spotlight: Developing a Translational Model for Atrial Fibrillation Research Across Species

Published on: November 21, 2023

1.4K
Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
08:10

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

2.0K
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
07:41

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

Published on: February 8, 2022

4.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Atrial flutter and fibrillation (AFF) are common arrhythmias.
  • Understanding their electrophysiologic substrates is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrophysiologic substrates of paroxysmal atrial flutter and fibrillation (AFF).
  • To assess the diagnostic value of electrophysiologic abnormalities in patients with AFF.

Main Methods:

  • Studied electrophysiologic parameters in patients with paroxysmal arrhythmias.
  • Utilized extrastimuli testing to assess atrial responses, refractoriness, and conduction.

Main Results:

  • Atrial repetitive responses to extrastimuli are nonspecific but can precipitate AFF.
  • AFF inducibility is sensitive but not specific for differentiating patients.
  • Abnormalities in atrial refractoriness (e.g., short effective refractory periods) and conduction delays were observed but lacked sufficient sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Electrophysiologic abnormalities are detectable in patients with AFF.
  • Current electrophysiologic findings are not sufficiently sensitive or specific for diagnostic value.
  • Larger studies are required to explore reproducibility and the impact of drugs for potential clinical applications.