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Related Experiment Videos

The left human speech-processing cortex is thinner but longer than the right.

J Harasty1, H L Seldon, P Chan

  • 1Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, and Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia.

Laterality
|October 30, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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The left planum temporale (secondary auditory cortex) is thinner and longer than the right in adult humans, with equal volumes. This structural difference may explain left-hemisphere dominance for speech perception.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Anatomy
  • Cortical Development

Background:

  • The planum temporale (secondary auditory cortex) is a key region for auditory processing.
  • Previous studies suggest hemispheric asymmetries in this area, but the precise structural basis remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate histological differences in the left and right planum temporale in adult human brains.
  • To correlate observed structural asymmetries with potential functional implications for hemispheric dominance.

Main Methods:

  • Histological analysis of post-mortem brain tissue from 21 adult human cases.
  • Comparative measurements of neocortical thickness, length, and volume in the left and right planum temporale.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • The left planum temporale neocortex is significantly thinner but longer than the right.
  • Despite differing dimensions, the volumes of the left and right planum temporale are approximately equal.
  • Histological data suggest greater tangential orientation of dendrites and increased distance between neuronal columns on the left side.

Conclusions:

  • Hemispheric asymmetry in the planum temporale, characterized by a long, thin left cortex and a short, thick right cortex, is evident.
  • These structural differences may stem from differential cortical stretching during development, as proposed by the "balloon model".
  • The observed microstructural variations could underlie the typical left-hemisphere dominance for speech perception.