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Arabidopsis NAP and PIR regulate actin-based cell morphogenesis and multiple developmental processes.

Yunhai Li1, Karim Sorefan, Georg Hemmann

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.

Plant Physiology
|November 2, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Arabidopsis NAP and PIR proteins are essential for actin polymerization regulation, impacting plant growth and development. Mutations in these genes cause defects in cell morphology and various developmental processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cytoskeleton Dynamics

Background:

  • The actin cytoskeleton is crucial for cellular processes, regulated by proteins like the ARP2/3 complex.
  • In animal cells, WAVE complexes (containing WAVE/SCAR, PIR121, Nap125) regulate ARP2/3 activity via Rho-GTPase signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize Arabidopsis thaliana genes encoding Nap and PIR proteins.
  • To investigate the role of AtNAP and AtPIR in plant growth, development, and actin polymerization.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis of Atnap-1 and Atpir-1 mutant plants.
  • Phenotypic analysis of light- and dark-grown seedlings.
  • Microscopic examination of cell morphology and actin polymerization patterns.

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Main Results:

  • Atnap-1 and Atpir-1 mutants exhibit altered leaf, inflorescence, silique, and seed set phenotypes.
  • Mutant seedlings show longer roots, enhanced skotomorphogenesis and Glc responses, and shorter, thicker hypocotyls.
  • Cell morphology defects in cotyledon pavement cells and trichomes were observed, consistent with impaired ARP2/3 activity.

Conclusions:

  • Arabidopsis NAP and PIR proteins form a WAVE complex that activates ARP2/3.
  • AtNAP and AtPIR are involved in diverse growth and developmental processes beyond trichome cell regulation.
  • These findings highlight the conserved role of WAVE complex components in regulating the actin cytoskeleton in plants.