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Methotrexate as a photosensitiser.

Mihail Lucian Pascu1, Angela Staicu, Letitia Voicu

  • 1National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Laser Department, P. O. Box MG-36, Bucharest - Magurele, Romania. mpascu@cost.esf.org

Anticancer Research
|November 3, 2004
PubMed
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Methotrexate (MTX) photodissociation was studied under various light exposures, revealing its breakdown into a fluorescent compound. This finding has potential implications for photodynamic therapies, as demonstrated by preliminary in vivo experiments showing rapid destruction of neovascularization.

Area of Science:

  • Photochemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapy agent.
  • Understanding MTX photodegradation is crucial for photodynamic applications.
  • Previous studies have explored MTX photostability under specific conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the absorption, excitation, and emission spectra of methotrexate (MTX).
  • To determine the photodissociation products of MTX under visible and UV light exposure.
  • To evaluate the preliminary in vivo efficacy of MTX photolysis in a rabbit eye model.

Main Methods:

  • Spectroscopic analysis (absorption, excitation, emission) of MTX solutions.
  • Exposure of MTX to coherent and incoherent visible and near-UV light sources (Xe lamp, Hg lamp, nitrogen laser).

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  • Preliminary in vivo study involving MTX-impregnated rabbit conjunctiva exposed to light.

    • Main Results:

    • MTX solutions exhibited absorption bands between 225-450 nm.
    • Fluorescence emission peaked at 470 nm, with excitation observed at 340 nm and 370 nm.
    • Photodissociation of MTX to 2,4 diamino-formylpteridine was observed, dependent on light exposure time.
    • Preliminary in vivo tests showed rapid destruction of neovascularization in MTX-treated rabbit eyes upon light exposure.

    Conclusions:

    • Methotrexate undergoes photodissociation into a fluorescent compound, 2,4 diamino-formylpteridine, when exposed to visible and UV light.
    • The rate of photodissociation is non-linearly dependent on light exposure duration.
    • Preliminary in vivo results suggest potential therapeutic applications of MTX photolysis in ophthalmology for neovascularization treatment.