Tyrosine kinase-regulated and inositol phosphate-independent Ca2+ elevation and mobilization in T cells

Perturbation of the T cell antigen-specific receptor leads to a series of signaling events that includes a rapid increase in phosphoinositide hydrolysis, intracellular Ca2+, and tyrosine phosphorylation. We have examined the function of tyrosine phosphorylation in isolation by introducing the v-src tyrosine kinase into a T cell hybridoma. T cell receptor-mediated increases in phosphoinositide hydrolysis and, in particular the generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, were comparable between v-src+ and v-src- cells. Unexpectedly, the v-src+ cells exhibited spontaneously elevated intracellular Ca2+ and exaggerated Ca2+ increases when stimulated via the T cell receptor. The enhanced Ca2+ response was not due to tyrosine phosphorylation of the T cell receptor itself, since the phenotype was evident in T cell receptor zeta chain-/v-src+ cells as well. These results demonstrate that an active protein tyrosine kinase can markedly affect intracellular Ca2+ handling by a process independent of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production and T cell receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and raise the possibility that tyrosine kinases may directly regulate T cell receptor-mediated changes in intracellular Ca2+.