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Genome size variation and evolution in Veronica.

Dirk C Albach1, J Greilhuber

  • 1Institute of Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Wien, Austria. albach@speedwell.de

Annals of Botany
|November 3, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Genome size variation in Veronica species reveals that annual life history is linked to self-fertilization, not directly to genome size. Alpine habitats correlate with larger genomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genomics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Interspecific variation in DNA amount per chromosome set is significant but poorly understood.
  • Potential correlations exist between DNA amount and ecological/life history traits such as habitat and breeding system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genus Veronica and differentiate causal links from chance correlations in DNA amount variation.
  • To explore the relationship between genome size, life history, and habitat.

Main Methods:

  • DNA C-values were analyzed for 42 Veroniceae species.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using plastid trnL-F DNA sequences was performed.
  • Correlations were tested using statistical tests, independent contrasts, and generalized least squares.

Main Results:

  • A lower upper limit of DNA amount was observed in annuals compared to perennials.
  • The correlation between low genome size and annual life history was not significant with standard tests but was significant using generalized least squares (P < 0.01).
  • A significant correlation was found between selfing and low genome size across all applied tests.

Conclusions:

  • The association between annual life history and low genome size may be mediated by self-fertilization, potentially due to reduced transposable elements in selfers.
  • Higher genome sizes were significantly correlated with alpine habitats.
  • These findings clarify complex evolutionary relationships within Veronica.

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