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Long-term pulmonary sequelae in children who were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for neonatal

Refika Hamutcu1, Toni A Nield, Meena Garg

  • 1Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.

Pediatrics
|November 3, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) survivors experience lasting lung problems into childhood. Higher oxygen and ventilator pressures during ECMO treatment correlate with worse long-term lung function.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Neonatal Intensive Care
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is crucial for neonates with severe respiratory failure.
  • Long-term pulmonary outcomes for ECMO survivors are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term pulmonary sequelae in children treated with neonatal ECMO.
  • To identify factors influencing pulmonary outcomes after neonatal ECMO.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 50 children treated with neonatal ECMO and 27 healthy controls underwent pulmonary function tests, exercise testing, and completed respiratory questionnaires.
  • Participants were assessed at approximately 11 years of age.

Main Results:

  • ECMO survivors exhibited hyperinflation, airway obstruction, reduced exercise oxygen saturation, and lower peak oxygen consumption compared to controls.
  • ECMO survivors showed more rapid, shallow breathing during exercise and a higher incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm.
  • Higher inspired oxygen and ventilator pressures during ECMO were associated with poorer lung function (lower FEV1 and oxygen saturation) in later childhood.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal ECMO survivors experience persistent lung injury into later childhood.
  • Lung dysfunction is linked to the degree of barotrauma and oxygen exposure during neonatal ECMO treatment.
Abstract

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