Genomics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: old threats & new trends

Tuberculosis (TB) has been declared as a global health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO). This has been mainly due to the emergence of multiple drug resistant strains and the synergy between tubercle bacilli and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Genomic analysis of strains for outbreak investigations is in vogue for about a decade now. However, information available from whole genome sequencing efforts and comparative genomics of laboratory and field strains is likely to revolutionize efforts towards understanding molecular pathogenesis and dissemination dynamics of this dreaded disease. Genomic information is also going to fuel discovery projects where new targets will be identified and explored towards a new drug for TB. Besides this, efforts of information technologists, chemists, population biologists, freelance workers, media persons, non-governmental organizations and administrators to needed to handle the problem of tuberculosis to prevent it from becoming a pandemic.