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Related Experiment Videos

Feeding effects on growth during infancy.

Michael S Kramer1, Tong Guo, Robert W Platt

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. michael.kramer@mcgill.ca

The Journal of Pediatrics
|November 3, 2004
PubMed
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Formula and other milks accelerate infant growth, particularly between 3-6 months, compared to breast milk alone. Cereal intake, however, was linked to reduced growth measures in infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Infant Growth and Development
  • Nutritional Epidemiology

Background:

  • Optimal infant nutrition is crucial for healthy growth and development.
  • Understanding the impact of various feeding practices on infant growth is essential for public health guidance.
  • Breast milk is recommended as the primary source of nutrition for infants, but complementary feeding practices vary widely.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of formula, other milks, liquids, cereals, and solid foods on infant growth.
  • To quantify the impact of different feeding regimens on weight-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-length z scores, and head circumference.

Main Methods:

  • Observational cohort study within a large cluster-randomized trial (n=17,046).
  • Growth parameters (weight-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-length z scores, head circumference) were assessed at 1-3, 3-6, 6-9, and 9-12 months.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Hierarchical multivariate regression controlled for initial size, maternal education, and location.

    • Main Results:

    • Mixed breast milk (BF) and formula/other milk were associated with increased length-for-age z scores (LAZ) at 1-3 months.
    • In the 3-6 month interval, mixed BF and formula/other milk showed significantly higher weight-for-age z scores (WAZ) and LAZ.
    • Cereal intake was associated with significant reductions in WAZ, LAZ, and head circumference (HC).

    Conclusions:

    • Formula and other milks demonstrate growth-accelerating effects on infant weight and length gain.
    • These effects were most pronounced between 3 to 6 months, indicating a dose-response gradient.
    • Complementary feeding with cereals may negatively impact infant growth trajectory.