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Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&iuml;ve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

CD4+ Tregs and immune control.

Zoltán Fehérvari1, Shimon Sakaguchi

  • 1Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. zed72@frontier.kyoto-u.ac.jp

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|November 3, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for maintaining immune tolerance. Their dysfunction causes severe disease, and understanding Tregs offers potential for treating cancer and infectious diseases.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&iuml;ve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
07:17

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

Published on: June 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Naturally occurring CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are vital for maintaining self-tolerance.
  • Treg dysfunction is linked to severe immunopathology.
  • The role of Tregs extends to critical areas like cancer and infectious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in immunology.
  • To highlight the clinical significance and research potential of Tregs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental data on Tregs.
  • Identification of molecular markers in human and murine immune systems.

Main Results:

  • Experimental data confirm the key role of CD25+CD4+ Tregs in self-tolerance.
  • Treg dysfunction leads to severe immunopathology.
  • Tregs influence diverse clinical areas including cancer and infectious diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Specific molecular markers facilitate unprecedented investigation of Tregs.
  • Understanding Tregs is key to unlocking their clinical potential in various diseases.