Temporal and spatial genetic variability in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Area of Science:

• Wildlife genetics
• Population genetics
• Mammalian ecology

Background:

• White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations are vital to ecosystems.
• Understanding genetic variation is crucial for effective wildlife management.
• Previous studies have not fully detailed the genetic structure of western Tennessee deer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess temporal and spatial genetic variation in western Tennessee white-tailed deer populations.
• To identify factors influencing genetic structure, such as inbreeding, genetic drift, and gene flow.
• To provide baseline genetic data for conservation and management strategies.

Main Methods:

• Starch-gel electrophoresis was employed to analyze genetic markers.
• Liver and kidney tissues from 11 polymorphic loci were examined.
• Samples were collected from five localities between 1985 and 1992.

Main Results:

• Minimal significant differences in allelic frequencies were observed between sexes, age groups, and across years.
• No significant differences were found in mean heterozygosity values.
• A heterozygote deficiency was detected, likely attributable to Wahlund effects rather than inbreeding.

Conclusions:

• Western Tennessee white-tailed deer populations exhibit genetic stasis with limited temporal variation.
• Spatial genetic heterogeneity is influenced by factors including herd origin, stocking history, and gene flow.
• The findings support a need for considering these factors in deer population management.