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Rabbits, if anything, are likely Glires.

Emmanuel J P Douzery1, Dorothée Huchon

  • 1Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Phylogénie et Paléobiologie, CC064, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554/CNRS, Université Montpellier II; Place E. Bataillon, 34 095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France. douzery@isem.univ-momtp2.fr

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
|November 4, 2004
PubMed
Summary

The Glires hypothesis, grouping rodents and lagomorphs, is supported by new phylogenetic analyses of nuclear protein data. Advanced models and broad taxonomic sampling confirm the monophyly of Glires and Euarchontoglires.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Phylogenetics
  • Mammalian Evolution
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The monophyly of Glires (rodents and lagomorphs) is debated, with conflicting evidence from morphology, paleontology, and molecular data.
  • Previous analyses of nuclear protein sequences rejected the Glires hypothesis, suggesting a basal position for rodents.
  • The reliability of outgroup selection and phylogenetic models in deep mammalian divergences is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the Glires hypothesis using advanced phylogenetic methods and a comprehensive dataset of nuclear protein sequences.
  • To assess the impact of different phylogenetic models and outgroup choices on the inferred evolutionary relationships of placental mammals.
  • To provide a robust phylogenetic framework for understanding the evolutionary history of Glires and Euarchontoglires.

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Main Methods:

  • Reanalysis of a published dataset of 6441 amino acids from 20 nuclear proteins using maximum likelihood and Bayesian tree-building approaches.
  • Application of phylogenetic models accounting for among-site rate variation and branch-length variation across proteins.
  • Simulation studies to evaluate the performance of different outgroups (lissambian, avian) and their impact on rooting the placental tree, specifically addressing long-branch attraction artifacts.

Main Results:

  • Phylogenetic analyses consistently support the monophyly of Glires, grouping rodents and lagomorphs together.
  • The monophyly of Euarchontoglires (including Glires and other groups) is also strongly supported.
  • Maximum likelihood methods demonstrate greater robustness to long-branch attraction artifacts compared to maximum parsimony, especially with distant outgroups.

Conclusions:

  • The Glires hypothesis, uniting rodents and lagomorphs, is strongly supported by the reanalyzed nuclear protein data.
  • Appropriate phylogenetic models and a taxonomically broad sampling strategy are crucial for accurate inference of deep mammalian divergences.
  • The findings confirm the monophyly of Euarchontoglires, providing a more resolved view of early placental mammal evolution.