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Updated: Aug 21, 2026
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
Published on: May 16, 2025
Endoscopic approach to orbital blowout fracture repair
E Bradley Strong1, Kenneth K Kim, Rodney C Diaz
1Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
Objectives:
Transconjunctival and subciliary approaches to orbital floor blowout fractures (OBF) have known risks of postoperative eyelid malposition. This study evaluates the endoscopic transmaxillary repair of OBFs in a cadaveric model and clinical setting.
Methods:
Sixteen cadaveric and 10 clinical OBFs were repaired endoscopically. A Caldwell-Luc approach and modified sinus surgery instrumentation were used to repair each fracture. Variations in fracture pattern, instrumentation, and surgical technique were evaluated.
Results:
Endoscopic repair was achieved in all 16 cadaveric orbits and in 9 of 10 patients. Fracture patterns were classified as either medial or lateral to the infraorbital nerve. Average clinical operating time was 1:38. Of 9 postoperative CT scans, 5 were rated as excellent, 3 as good, and 1 as poor.
Conclusions:
The endoscopic transmaxillary approach is a safe, viable technique for OBF repair. It offers improved visualization, anatomic fracture repair, no risk of postoperative eyelid complications, and good clinical results.
Ebm Rating:
C.
