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Functional electrical stimulation using microstimulators to correct foot drop: a case study.

D J Weber1, R B Stein, K M Chan

  • 1Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H9, Canada. doug.weber@ualberta.ca

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|November 4, 2004
PubMed
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Injectable microstimulators (BIONs) offer a more selective functional electrical stimulation (FES) for foot drop, improving toe clearance and walking efficiency. This technology provides a viable alternative to surface stimulation for better muscle control.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neurorehabilitation
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Foot drop, often caused by neurological conditions, impairs walking ability.
  • Traditional functional electrical stimulation (FES) using surface electrodes can lack selectivity.
  • Injectable microstimulators (BIONs) offer a potential for more precise nerve and muscle activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of using BIONs for functional electrical stimulation (FES) to correct foot drop.
  • To compare the selectivity and effectiveness of BIONs versus surface stimulation for foot drop correction.

Main Methods:

  • A case study involving the implantation of BIONs for FES.
  • 3D motion analysis to assess ankle and foot trajectories during walking.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurement of the physiological cost index (PCI) to quantify walking effort.

    • Main Results:

    • BION stimulation achieved selective activation of the tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, resulting in balanced ankle flexion.
    • BION FES increased toe clearance to 3 cm, matching the unaffected leg, and significantly reduced the physiological cost index (PCI).
    • Walking speed increased substantially with BION FES compared to no stimulation.

    Conclusions:

    • BION-delivered FES is a feasible and effective alternative to surface stimulation for correcting foot drop.
    • BIONs provide superior selectivity in muscle activation, leading to improved gait parameters and reduced walking effort.
    • This technology holds promise for enhancing mobility and quality of life for individuals with foot drop.