Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 21, 2026

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice
11:10

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice

Published on: November 16, 2011

Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in infancy and childhood--resolving the enigma

K Hussain1, A Aynsley-Green

  • 1The London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UK. K.Hussain@ich.ucl.ac.uk

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|November 6, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Persistent hyperinsulinism (HI) in infants causes severe hypoglycemia. Recent research has significantly advanced understanding of the abnormal insulin secretion mechanisms underlying this condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Persistent hyperinsulinism (HI) in infancy presents significant management challenges.
  • The pathophysiology of HI was previously poorly understood, often attributed to 'nesidioblastosis'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the pathophysiology of hyperinsulinism in infancy.
  • To highlight the collaborative research efforts contributing to new insights.

Main Methods:

  • Review of publications generated by the European Network for Research into Hyperinsulinism of Infancy (ENRHI).
  • Integration of clinical, biochemical, physiological, and molecular biology data.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in elucidating the pathological mechanisms of abnormal insulin secretion in HI.
  • Identification of key insights into the pathophysiology of hyperinsulinism.

Conclusions:

  • Collaborative research, exemplified by ENRHI, is crucial for advancing pediatric endocrinology.
  • New knowledge provides a better understanding of hyperinsulinism, aiding future management strategies.

More Related Videos

Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters08:09

Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters

Published on: May 18, 2014

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice07:35

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Published on: January 26, 2024

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...