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Related Experiment Videos

CD63 as an activation-linked T cell costimulatory element.

Katharina Pfistershammer1, Otto Majdic, Johannes Stöckl

  • 1Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|November 6, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified CD63 as a key molecule in T cell activation. This lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP-3) on activated T cells, not dendritic cells, enhances T cell proliferation and IL-2 production.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DC) and T cells interact via receptor/ligand pairs to regulate immune responses.
  • An anti-DC monoclonal antibody (mAb), 11C9, initially thought to target DC, was studied for its functional effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the target of mAb 11C9 and elucidate its role in T cell activation.
  • To investigate the function of CD63 as a costimulatory molecule on T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 11C9 characterization and functional assays in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR).
  • Retroviral expression cloning to identify the 11C9 antigen.
  • Analysis of CD63 expression on T cells upon stimulation.
  • Assessment of T cell proliferation, IL-2 production, and restimulation responsiveness.

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Main Results:

  • mAb 11C9 inhibited DC-induced T cell activation, but preincubation of DC with mAb 11C9 did not affect T cell responses.
  • The 11C9 antigen was identified as CD63 (LAMP-3), a molecule minimally expressed on resting T cells but rapidly upregulated upon activation.
  • Cross-linking CD63 on activated T cells, along with T cell receptor (TCR) triggering, strongly enhanced T cell activation, proliferation, and IL-2 production.
  • CD63 costimulation demonstrated superior enhancement of T cell responsiveness to restimulation compared to CD28 and other CD28-independent pathways.

Conclusions:

  • CD63 on activated T cells, not on dendritic cells, is the primary target of mAb 11C9, mediating potent T cell costimulation.
  • CD63 acts as an activation-induced reinforcing element, promoting sustained and efficient T cell activation and expansion.
  • CD63 represents a significant pathway for enhancing T cell responses, surpassing other known costimulatory mechanisms.