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Related Experiment Videos

Motivation when optimism declines: data on temporal dynamics.

Frank W Wicker1, Jeannine E Turner, Joylynn H Reed

  • 1Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. fwicker@mail.utexas.edu

The Journal of Psychology
|November 9, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Motivation decreases as tests approach, but students may adjust goals to maintain desire. This study explores temporal changes in motivation and goal setting during academic challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Motivation Science

Background:

  • Understanding motivation across time is crucial for academic success.
  • Temporal dynamics of motivation, especially near goal achievement, require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine temporal changes in motivation variables as a test-taking goal approaches.
  • To investigate how students' motivation and goal setting adapt under time pressure.

Main Methods:

  • The study analyzed data from three distinct student samples.
  • Temporal changes in motivation variables were assessed in relation to proximity to a test date.

Main Results:

  • Expected performance, standards, and perceived effort adequacy declined as the test approached.

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  • Students sometimes modified goal levels and success definitions to sustain motivation despite decreasing expectancies.
  • Overestimation of future effort may influence goal-achievement expectations near events.
  • The predictive power of expectancy and value on motivation varied with exam proximity.

    • Conclusions:

    • Motivation exhibits temporal complexity, with significant shifts occurring as achievement goals near.
    • Students employ adaptive strategies, such as goal adjustment, to maintain motivation.
    • The interplay between expectancies, values, and motivation is dynamic and context-dependent, particularly concerning time proximity.