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Time-dependent animal conflicts: 1. The symmetric case.

Osnat Yaniv1, Uzi Motro

  • 1Department of Statistics and Center for the Study of Rationality, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel. msosnaty@mscc.huji.ac.il

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Animal group conflicts involve risks and assistance. Observing helper strategies ensures stable outcomes like immediate or no help, while unobserved strategies may lack stability for delayed help.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Evolutionary Game Theory
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Animal conflicts often involve time-dependent strategies, particularly when group members require assistance.
  • Individuals at risk face a time-dependent mortality rate until help is received.
  • Potential helpers incur costs for assisting but face reduced inclusive fitness if the at-risk individual dies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model animal conflicts where one member's survival depends on timely assistance from others.
  • To investigate how the observability of helper strategies influences the evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS).
  • To apply the model to classic problems like the 'n brothers' problem and parental investment conflicts.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a game-theoretic model analyzing time-dependent strategy sets in animal conflicts.
  • Assumed potential helpers choose probability distributions for their assistance timing.
  • Analyzed the impact of strategy realization observability on the existence and nature of ESS.

Main Results:

  • When strategy realizations are observable, ESS always exist, including immediate assistance, no assistance, and delayed assistance.
  • When strategy realizations are unobservable, ESS do not always exist; immediate assistance and no assistance are possible ESS.
  • Delayed assistance is not a stable ESS when helper actions are unobservable.

Conclusions:

  • Observability of actions is crucial for the stability of cooperative strategies in animal conflicts.
  • The model provides insights into the evolution of helping behaviors and strategic interactions within animal groups.
  • Findings have implications for understanding kin selection and conflict resolution in social animals.