Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Nuclei of embryonic stem cells reprogram somatic cells.

Jeong Tae Do1, Hans R Schöler

  • 1Center for Animal Transgenesis and Germ Cell Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)
|November 13, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Cell fusion can revert differentiated cells to a pluripotent state. Researchers found that the nucleus (karyoplast) of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can reactivate the Oct4 gene in neurosphere cells (NSCs), independent of cell division.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PCBP1 orchestrates amino acid metabolism burst during the naïve-to-primed pluripotency transition.

Stem cell reports·2026
Same author

Induction of fibrosis in human kidney organoids delineates mechanisms and therapeutic targets of fibrotic kidney disease.

Stem cell research & therapy·2026
Same author

Germ cells are essential for testicular morphogenesis and functional reconstruction in a porcine xenograft model.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Optimizing muscle satellite cell sources for cultured meat: anatomical origin influences cellular properties and quality attributes.

NPJ science of food·2026
Same author

Developmental regulation of Erk signaling by mitotic kinases.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Suboptimal codon pairs trigger ribosome collisions and cellular quality control responses in tRNA modification mutants.

Nucleic acids research·2025

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cellular differentiation restricts cell potential.
  • Cell fusion and somatic cell nuclear transfer can restore pluripotency or totipotency.
  • Identifying factors that reset differentiated cell genetic programs is crucial for regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors responsible for resetting the genetic program of differentiated cells.
  • To determine whether cytoplasmic or nuclear factors from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) induce pluripotency gene expression in neurosphere cells (NSCs).

Main Methods:

  • Cell fusion experiments involving ESCs and NSCs.
  • Fusion of ESC karyoplasts (nuclei) or cytoplasts (cytoplasm) with NSCs.
  • Treatment of ESCs with mitomycin C to inhibit DNA replication and cell division.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Treatment of NSCs with 5-azacytidine.

    • Main Results:

    • Fusion of ESCs with NSCs activated Oct4, a key pluripotency gene, in NSCs.
    • ESC karyoplasts, but not cytoplasts, induced Oct4 expression in the NSC genome.
    • Mitotically inhibited ESCs could reprogram NSCs, indicating independence from DNA replication and cell division.

    Conclusions:

    • The reprogramming capacity resides within the ESC karyoplast (nucleus).
    • Gene reactivation for pluripotency is independent of DNA replication and cell division.
    • Nuclear factors are key to resetting differentiated cell genetic programs.