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Updated: Aug 21, 2026

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
Published on: April 11, 2019
Electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of clozapine nonresponders suffering from schizophrenia--an open label
K H Kho1, B A Blansjaar, S de Vries
1GGZ Delfland, St Jorisweg 2, 2612 GA Delft, The Netherlands. k.kho@ggz-delfland.nl
Objective:
This open label study describes the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as adjunctive treatment in clozapine nonresponders suffering from schizophrenia.
Method:
The results of clozapine and ECT treatment in 11 clozapine nonresponders suffering from schizophrenia are reported in terms of remission and relapse.
Results:
Eight patients had a remission with this combination treatment. After remission of symptoms five patients had a relapse. Three of the five patients who relapsed had a second successful ECT course and remained well with maintenance ECT and clozapine. No evidence for adverse effects was found.
Conclusion:
Adjunctive ECT can be efficacious in clozapine nonresponders suffering from schizophrenia.
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