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Interaction between flavonoids and alpha-tocopherol in human low density lipoprotein.

Q Y Zhu1, Y Huang, Z Y Chen

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, China.

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
|November 13, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Four natural flavonoids protect alpha-tocopherol (a key antioxidant in LDL) from oxidative damage. Myricetin and quercetin were most effective, showing potential in preventing atherosclerosis development.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is implicated in atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
  • Alpha-tocopherol is a primary antioxidant within human LDL, crucial for preventing lipid peroxidation.
  • Natural flavonoids are investigated for their potential antioxidant and cardioprotective properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the protective and regenerative effects of four natural flavonoids (kaempferol, morin, myricetin, quercetin) on alpha-tocopherol in human LDL.
  • To assess the dose-dependent activity of these flavonoids against LDL oxidation.
  • To correlate flavonoid structure with their protective efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Human LDL was oxidized using copper sulfate (CuSO4) or AAPH (2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride) in a phosphate buffer.

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  • The concentration of alpha-tocopherol in LDL was measured over time in the presence of varying flavonoid concentrations (1-20 microM).
  • Flavonoids were added either before or after oxidation initiation to assess protection and regeneration, respectively.

    • Main Results:

    • Alpha-tocopherol was rapidly depleted within 1 hour under oxidation conditions.
    • All four tested flavonoids exhibited dose-dependent protection of alpha-tocopherol against depletion.
    • Myricetin and quercetin demonstrated greater protective activity compared to kaempferol and morin.
    • Flavonoid addition post-oxidation initiation led to significant alpha-tocopherol regeneration.

    Conclusions:

    • Natural flavonoids, particularly myricetin and quercetin, effectively protect alpha-tocopherol from oxidative degradation in LDL.
    • These flavonoids can also regenerate depleted alpha-tocopherol, suggesting a dual protective mechanism.
    • The antioxidant efficacy of flavonoids against LDL oxidation is influenced by their chemical structure, specifically hydroxyl group positioning, and buffer stability.