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Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
10:28

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

Time evolution studies of the H2O/quartz interface using sum frequency generation, atomic force microscopy, and

Irene Li1, Jayasundera Bandara, Mary Jane Shultz

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|November 17, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Standard cleaning of quartz surfaces may not be reproducible. Prolonged water exposure causes swelling and amorphous layers, unlike NaOH treatment, affecting surface water structure.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

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Multimodal Nonlinear Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging Using Line-Scanning Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy

Published on: December 1, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Reproducible surface regeneration is crucial for interfacial studies.
  • Quartz/water interfaces are commonly studied but their surface chemistry after cleaning is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct effects of Nanopure water and pH 10 NaOH on quartz surface properties.
  • To correlate surface-bound water molecular vibrations with experimental observations.

Main Methods:

  • Sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to probe surface molecular vibrations.
  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) to analyze surface topography and structure.
  • Molecular mechanics simulations to interpret SFG spectral data.

Main Results:

  • Prolonged water exposure (17 days) leads to SiO2 matrix swelling and amorphous layer formation.
  • Broken Si-O bonds act as nucleation sites for hydration and swelling.
  • SFG spectroscopy reveals increased disorder in interfacial water, indicated by a peak at 3450 cm(-1).
  • NaOH treatment preserves the intact hydrogen-bonded network of interfacial water, unlike water exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Standard cleaning procedures may not yield reproducible quartz surfaces due to water-induced structural changes.
  • The interfacial water structure is significantly altered by prolonged water exposure, leading to surface disorder.
  • NaOH treatment offers a different surface modification pathway compared to simple water soaking, preserving water network integrity.