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Updated: Aug 20, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
Published on: January 5, 2016
Neoplastic conditions in the context of HIV-1 infection
Yoshiyasu Aoki1, Giovanna Tosato
1Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. aokiy@mail.nih.gov
Abstract:
HIV-1 infection predisposes to the development of specific types of cancer. Most cancers seen in the AIDS setting are related to oncogenic virus infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). It is generally assumed that HIV-1 infection play a passive role in cancer development by impairing the host immune surveillance and increasing the risk of oncogenic virus infection. Recent insights, however, indicate that HIV-1 infection more actively promotes cancer growth. Experimental evidence has shown that HIV-1-encoded proteins can directly induce tumor angiogenesis and enhance KSHV transmission to target cells. Clinical evidence suggests that the oncogenicity of HPV is altered by the presence of HIV-1 infection irrespective of host immune status. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically decreased the incidence of KS whereas the impact of HAART is variable in EBV-related lymphoma and HPV-related cervical cancer, suggesting that additional factors are involved in the pathogenesis of these cancers. Understanding the direct and indirect roles of HIV-1 in the pathogenesis of neoplastic conditions could provide the rationale for prevention and development of new treatments for AIDS-associated malignancies.
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