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Updated: Aug 20, 2026

A Rat Model of EcoHIV Brain Infection
Published on: January 21, 2021
Immune modulation of HIV replication: relevance to HIV immuno- and neuro-pathogenesis
Elizabeth Z Managlia1, Deborah Carroll, Andrew Zloza
1Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
Abstract:
Much attention has been focused on CD4+ memory/primed T cells and monocytes/macrophages as the predominant targets of HIV infection. Considerable evidence, however, indicates that cell types that are classically not permissive to HIV infection, can be a potent source of productive virus replication in response to immune modulation. This immune modulation can be in the form of cytokine stimulation pre- or post-infection or by activating these "non-conventional" targets. In this review, we will provide evidence for immune modulation of HIV infection with special emphasis on immune modulation of HIV replication in classically non-HIV permissive primary cells of both lymphoid and non-lymphoid origins. We will also examine the impact of HIV infection of these non-conventional targets as they pertain to both HIV immuno- and neuro-pathogenesis.
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