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The history of spinal needles: getting to the point

N Calthorpe1

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Metchley Park Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK. nicolawild@doctors.org.uk

Anaesthesia
|November 20, 2004
PubMed

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...