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Multifunctional carbon nanotube yarns by downsizing an ancient technology.

Mei Zhang¹, Ken R Atkinson, Ray H Baughman

¹NanoTech Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 20, 2004

Summary

Researchers spun multiwalled carbon nanotube yarns, achieving high strength and energy damping. These robust nanotube yarns maintain integrity after knotting and extreme temperature exposure.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Polymer Science

Background:

High-performance fibers are crucial for demanding applications.
Carbon nanotube (CNT) materials offer exceptional intrinsic properties.
Developing scalable methods for CNT yarn fabrication remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop torque-stabilized multi-ply yarns from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
To characterize the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of these novel CNT yarns.
To evaluate the yarn's performance under various conditions, including knotting and temperature extremes.

Main Methods:

Spinning of multiwalled carbon nanotubes from nanotube forests into multi-ply yarns.
Mechanical testing to determine yarn strength and toughness.

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Analysis of energy damping capabilities through hysteretic deformation.

Assessment of thermal stability (heating in air) and low-temperature performance (liquid nitrogen).

Evaluation of strength retention after overhand knotting and polymer infiltration.

Main Results:

Achieved yarn strengths exceeding 460 megapascals.
Demonstrated significant energy damping (up to 48%) due to hysteretic deformation.
Yarns exhibited high toughness, comparable to bulletproof vest fibers.
Exceptional performance retention after knotting, high-temperature exposure (450°C for 1 hour), and immersion in liquid nitrogen.
Observed high creep resistance and electrical conductivity, further enhanced by polymer infiltration.

Conclusions:

Torque-stabilized spinning of MWCNT yarns yields materials with superior mechanical properties.
These CNT yarns possess remarkable resilience, maintaining performance across challenging conditions.
The developed yarns represent a promising advancement for high-performance textiles and structural materials.