Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 20, 2026

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography
Published on: November 14, 2025
A fast non-invasive beam check for mammography x-ray units
M Gambaccini1, M Marziani, O Rimondi
1Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), sezione di Ferrara, Via Paradiso 12, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
Abstract:
A prototype instrument is presented for the indirect evaluation of the main physical parameters characterizing a mammographic x-ray beam. The instrument consists of an x-ray probe with four filtered solid-state detectors connected to a signal-conditioning electronic circuitry and a high-speed digitizer interfaced to a portable personal computer. The system, governed by an ad hoc developed software, can measure kVp, kV waveform, ripple, HVL, exposure time and exposure in a single shot of the x-ray beam with good accuracy. The system should prove very useful to any quality-control programme for mammography.
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