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Related Experiment Videos

Secondary trauma from occlusion: three-dimensional analysis using the finite element method.

Allahyar Geramy1, Sharieh Faghihi

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. gueramya@yahoo.com

Quintessence International (Berlin, Germany : 1985)
|November 24, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Alveolar bone loss significantly increases stress in the periodontal ligament (PDL) under occlusal forces. Even minor bone loss, around 2.5 mm, accelerates these damaging stress alterations.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Mechanics
  • Periodontology

Background:

  • Trauma from occlusion's role in periodontal disease is debated.
  • Understanding occlusal forces on the periodontium is crucial for dental health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical effects of occlusal forces on the periodontium with varying degrees of alveolar bone loss.
  • To quantify stress distribution in the periodontal ligament (PDL) using finite element analysis (FEA).

Main Methods:

  • Created five 3D models of a maxillary central incisor with alveolar bone height ranging from 13 mm to 8 mm.
  • Applied a 1.5 N palatolabial force 1 mm apical to the incisal edge.
  • Assessed maximum (S1) and minimum (S3) principal stresses in the PDL using FEA.

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Main Results:

  • Alveolar bone loss increased S1 and S3 stresses in the PDL significantly (up to 17 times).
  • Highest stress levels were observed in the subcervical area, except with 5 mm bone loss.
  • A threshold of 2.5 mm alveolar bone loss was identified as accelerating stress alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Alveolar bone loss exacerbates stress within the PDL when subjected to occlusal forces.
  • FEA demonstrates that PDL stress increases with bone loss, irrespective of force vector.
  • Findings suggest a critical limit of bone loss beyond which occlusal trauma effects are amplified.