Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2026

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
07:20

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 9, 2024

[Higher cortical functions in children with spastic forms of cerebral palsy]

V A Bronnikov, N A Abramova

    Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
    |November 24, 2004
    PubMed

    Insights

    Children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) often experience kinesthetic and higher cortical function deficits. Hemiparetic CP showed the most severe kinesthetic praxis disturbances, impacting all patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Developmental Pediatrics
    • Rehabilitation Medicine

    Context:

    • Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders affecting movement and posture.
    • Spastic CP, the most common form, involves muscle stiffness and exaggerated reflexes.
    • Understanding higher cortical functions in CP is crucial for comprehensive care.

    Purpose:

    • To investigate kinesthetic praxis and higher cortical functions in children with spastic cerebral palsy.
    • To quantify the prevalence and severity of specific functional deficits.

    Summary:

    • Kinesthetic praxis disturbances were prevalent in 75 children (aged 7-11) with spastic CP.
    • Deficits were most pronounced in hemiparetic CP (100%) and common in spastic diplegia (75-94.3%).
    • Other affected functions included dynamic praxis (90%), visual-spatial praxis (80%), and various gnosis and reasoning skills.

    Impact:

    • Highlights the significant impact of spastic CP on motor and cognitive functions.
    • Informs targeted therapeutic interventions for children with CP.
    • Emphasizes the need for comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessments in CP management.

    More Related Videos

    Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy08:26

    Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

    Published on: January 11, 2016

    Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks11:31

    Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks

    Published on: December 5, 2014

    Related Concept Videos

    Information Processing Approach01:30

    Information Processing Approach

    The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
    Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

    Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

    The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
    Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

    Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

    The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
    Motor Areas
    The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
    Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

    Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

    The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
    Direct Motor Pathways01:11

    Direct Motor Pathways

    The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
    The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and the...
    Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

    Lobes of the Cerebrum

    The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
    Frontal lobe
    The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.