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Related Experiment Videos

Overlap between borderline and schizotypal personality disorders.

R J Kavoussi1, L J Siever

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19129.

Comprehensive Psychiatry
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) show significant diagnostic overlap. Dimensional models of personality traits offer the most compelling explanation for this observed comorbidity.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Personality Disorders

Background:

  • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) separated borderline personality into borderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD).
  • Despite revisions in DSM-III-R, substantial diagnostic overlap persists between BPD and SPD, indicating a complex relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore and evaluate four distinct hypotheses explaining the diagnostic overlap between BPD and SPD.
  • To critically assess the empirical support for each proposed hypothesis, including random association, artifactual overlap, synergistic association, and dimensional psychopathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing empirical evidence related to the diagnostic overlap between BPD and SPD.

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  • Evaluation of four theoretical hypotheses: independent association, artifactual overlap, synergistic association, and dimensional psychopathology.

    • Main Results:

    • Empirical evidence supporting the hypotheses of independent, artifactual, or synergistic associations between BPD and SPD is weak and often contradictory.
    • Recent biological and treatment studies provide stronger support for a dimensional model of personality traits underlying both borderline and schizotypal presentations.

    Conclusions:

    • The persistent diagnostic overlap between BPD and SPD is not adequately explained by simple association or artifactual reasons.
    • Dimensional models, viewing borderline and schizotypal traits as existing on a continuum, offer a more robust framework for understanding their relationship, supported by current research.