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Static magnetic fields: animal studies.

Richard Saunders1

  • 1Radiation and Environmental Health Unit, Department of Protection of the Human Environment, Sustainable Development and Healthy Environment Cluster, World Health Organisation, 20, Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. saundersr@who.int

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
|November 24, 2004
PubMed
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Recent animal studies show static magnetic fields above 4 Tesla can cause heart flow potentials and avoidance behavior. However, fields around 1 Tesla and above show no consistent adverse effects on other systems, though more research is needed.

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Toxicology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Extensive research over 30-40 years has investigated static magnetic field (SMF) exposure in laboratory animals.
  • Earlier studies identified few adverse effects, prompting a focus on more recent investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent experimental studies on the effects of chronic and acute SMF exposure in vertebrates, particularly mammals.
  • To assess impacts on the nervous system, cardiovascular system, reproduction, development, genotoxicity, and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on studies published more recently, primarily involving vertebrate models.
  • Investigation of four key areas: nervous system/behavioral, cardiovascular, reproduction/development, and genotoxicity/cancer.
  • Exclusion of studies on natural geomagnetic field roles in animal orientation.

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Main Results:

  • Acute exposure to SMFs >4 Tesla consistently induced flow potentials in the heart and aversive/avoidance behavior in animals.
  • No consistent adverse effects were observed on other behavioral or cardiovascular endpoints at approximately 1 Tesla and above.
  • No adverse effects on reproduction, development, or tumor growth were firmly established for SMFs around 1 Tesla and above.

Conclusions:

  • High-intensity SMFs (>4 T) elicit acute physiological and behavioral responses in animals.
  • Current evidence does not firmly establish adverse effects of SMFs (approx. 1 T and above) on major physiological systems or cancer development.
  • A significant lack of comprehensive animal studies prevents definitive conclusions regarding the long-term safety of SMF exposure.