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Biopsy-proven childhood glomerulonephritis in Johor
J J Khoo1, S Pee, B Thevarajah
1Department of Pathology, Sultanah Aminah Hospital, 80100 Johor Bahru.
Insights
This study reveals minimal change disease as the most common childhood glomerulonephritis in Malaysia, with lupus nephritis also prevalent. Renal biopsy aids in diagnosis and treatment planning for pediatric kidney diseases.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Histopathology
- Glomerulonephritis
Background:
- First study on biopsy-proven childhood glomerulonephritis in Malaysia.
- Highlights a gap in understanding pediatric kidney diseases in the region.
Purpose of the Study:
- Determine the histopathological patterns of childhood glomerulonephritis in Johor, Malaysia.
- Analyze indications for renal biopsy in pediatric patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of renal biopsies from children (<16 years) from 1994-2001.
- Review of histopathological findings, biopsy indications, therapy, and clinical outcomes.
Main Results:
- Minimal change disease (40.7%) was the most common diagnosis; lupus nephritis (23.0%) was the most common secondary glomerulonephritis.
- Indications included nephrotic syndrome (50.8%), lupus nephritis (25.4%), and renal impairment (13.1%).
- Therapy changed in 59.8%; 84/106 patients had normal renal function, while 16 reached end-stage renal disease.
Conclusions:
- Childhood glomerulonephritis patterns reflect severe renal diseases requiring aggressive treatment.
- Renal biopsy is crucial for diagnosis, prognosis, and guiding optimal therapy in children.
- Appropriate selection for biopsy aids in managing pediatric kidney diseases effectively.
Background:
There has been no published study of biopsy-proven childhood glomerulonephritis in Malaysia.
Objectives:
To determine the pattern of childhood glomerulonephritis in Johor, Malaysia from a histopathological perspective and the various indications used for renal biopsy in children.
Materials And Methods:
Retrospective study was done of all renal biopsies from children under 16 years of age, received in Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor between 1994 and 2001. The histopathological findings were reviewed to determine the pattern of biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis. The indications for biopsy, mode of therapy given after biopsy and the clinical outcome were studied.
Results:
122 adequate biopsies were received, 9 children had repeat biopsies. Of the 113 biopsies, minimal change disease formed the most common histopathological diagnosis (40.7%) while lupus nephritis formed the most common secondary glomerulonephritis (23.0%). The main indications for biopsy were nephrotic syndrome (50.8%), lupus nephritis (25.4%) and renal impairment (13.1%). The mode of therapy was changed in 59.8% of the children. Of 106 patients followed-up, 84 children were found to have normal renal function in remission or on treatment. 4 patients developed chronic renal impairment and 16 reached end stage renal disease. Five of the 16 children with end stage disease had since died while 11 were on renal replacement therapy. Another 2 patients died of other complications.
Conclusions:
The pattern of childhood GN in our study tended to reflect the more severe renal parenchymal diseases in children and those requiring more aggressive treatment. This was because of our criteria of selection (indication) for renal biopsy. Renal biopsy where performed appropriately in selected children may not only be a useful investigative tool for histological diagnosis and prognosis but may help clinicians plan the optimal therapy for these children.