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Prefrontal executive function syndromes in children.

Kristin B Powell1, Kytja K S Voeller

  • 1Western Institute for Neurodevelopmental Studies and Interventions, Western Institute for Neurodevelopmental Studies and Interventions, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. kbpow@attglobal.net

Journal of Child Neurology
|November 24, 2004
PubMed
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Executive function deficits, impacting conscious control, stem from prefrontal cortex issues. This review outlines diagnosis and management strategies for these pervasive challenges in children.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Executive function, governed by the prefrontal cortex and subcortical structures, is crucial for daily life management.
  • Disorders affecting this system are diverse, yet research is increasingly specifying mechanisms of dysfunction.
  • Understanding these deficits is key to addressing their impact across the lifespan.

Observation:

  • Prefrontal executive dysfunction leads to impaired regulation of cognition, attention, behavior, arousal, and emotion.
  • These deficits significantly impact an individual's overall functioning.
  • Causes are varied, including metabolic, genetic, neurological, and environmental factors.

Findings:

  • Contemporary research is elucidating specific subsystems within the prefrontal cortex-subcortical system.

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  • Executive function deficits are challenging to treat and require specialized care.
  • The review focuses on identifying features of these deficits in children.

    • Implications:

    • Early diagnosis and tailored management are critical for children with executive dysfunction.
    • This review provides a roadmap for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of prefrontal executive deficits in pediatric populations.
    • Effective handling by caretakers is essential for mitigating the pervasive consequences of these deficits.