Fibronectin suppresses apoptosis and protects mice from endotoxic shock

Multiple-organ failure related to septicemia is a common cause of early mortality after liver transplantation. Endotoxemia following living donor hepatectomy may be a cause of postoperative death. Plasma fibronectin (Fn) exerts a broad range of biological effects on cellular adhesion, motility, differentiation, apoptosis, hemostasis, wound healing, reticuloendothelial system function, and ischemic injury. We studied the therapeutic effect of plasma Fn in mice after an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and d-galactosamine (GalN). Female Balb/c mice received simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of LPS (50 microg/kg) and GalN (400 mg/kg). Thirty minutes prior to GalN/LPS administration, plasma Fn or bovine serum albumin was given intravenously. A single administration of plasma Fn (500 mg/kg) protected in dose-dependent fashion against lethal shock after GalN/LPS challenge. Plasma Fn significantly reduced the serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-6 levels and significantly increased the serum interleukin-10 levels after GalN/LPS administration. Furthermore, plasma Fn significantly inhibited liver necrosis at 9 hours after GalN/LPS injection. The fraction of apoptotic-positive cells in these plasma Fn-treated mice was significantly lower than in the control group. These results support the protective treatment of endotoxin-induced liver injury by plasma Fn.