Sleep disturbances in pediatric dialysis patients

Sleep disorders are common in adult dialysis patients, with a prevalence of 60%-80%. To date, sleep disturbances have not been assessed in the pediatric dialysis population. Therefore, the objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of sleep disturbance symptoms in a pediatric dialysis population. We conducted a telephone- or clinic-based interview of 21 children (aged 6-20 years) and their parents in our academic tertiary pediatric dialysis center with questionnaires that assessed four symptom domains of sleep disorders: (1) sleep-disordered breathing, (2) restless leg syndrome or period limb movements (RLS/PLMs), (3) excessive daytime sleepiness, and (4) inadequate sleep time. The presence of a "sleep disturbance" was defined by positive responses in any of the four symptom domains. Overall, 18 (86%) of the children undergoing dialysis [mean age (SD) 14.2 years (1.1), gender (M/F) 11/10] endorsed sleep disturbance symptoms: sleep-disordered breathing (46%), RLS/PLMs (29%), and excessive daytime sleepiness (60%). We conclude that sleep disturbances are very common in pediatric dialysis patients, but may be underrecognized. Given the adverse neurocognitive and physiological outcomes associated with poor sleep, it is important for practitioners caring for children on dialysis to anticipate and screen for treatable sleep conditions.