Metric analysis of sex differences in South African black and white pelves

Sex determination of unknown skeletal material is one of the most vital determinations made by forensic anthropologists. Numerous studies have focussed on the differences, both osteometric and morphological, between the sexes of a particular racial phenotype and population. Previous work by a variety of researchers has underscored the necessity of population specific standards. The purpose of this research is to metrically assess sex differences in the pelvis of South African whites and blacks and develop standards tailored to these groups. Data were collected from 400 known sex/race skeletons from the Pretoria and Dart Collections. Nine measurements (traditional and newly developed) were taken and subjected to SPSS stepwise and direct discriminant analysis. Results indicated that there are significant differences (p < or = 0.001) between the sexes of both races for most measurements. Discriminant function analysis selected ischial length as the most sexually dimorphic dimension in whites (averaged 86% accuracy), while acetabulum diameter was most diagnostic in blacks (averaged 84% accuracy). Six functions were developed from the pelvic dimensions. Highest accuracy was achieved from Function 1 (including all dimensions) which averaged 95.5% correct classification in whites and 94% in blacks. Functions based on selected parts of the pelvis were not as effective and ranged from 73-86% in whites and 72-84% in blacks. This research provided evidence of the significant sex differences that exist between the pelves of South African whites and blacks whilst measurements used here for discriminant function analysis gave classifications with high accuracies. These results can be used to aid in the identification of human skeletal remains in South Africa.