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Published on: August 16, 2021

Reduction of clinical tuberculosis in HIV-infected males with isoniazid prophylaxis

K Alaei1, A Alaei, D Mansouri

  • 1HIV/STI/DU Counselling and Care Centre, Medical University of Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran.

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal = La Revue De Sante De La Mediterranee Orientale = Al-Majallah Al-Sihhiyah Li-Sharq Al-Mutawassit
|December 1, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy significantly reduces clinical tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients with latent tuberculosis infection. This study shows INH is effective for preventing active TB in this vulnerable population.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • HIV/AIDS Research

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a major concern in HIV-infected individuals.
  • Isoniazid (INH) chemoprophylaxis is known to prevent clinical TB.
  • The efficacy of INH in HIV-infected populations requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of Isoniazid (INH) in preventing clinical tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients.
  • To assess the impact of INH chemoprophylaxis in a high-risk group for TB reactivation.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 246 HIV-infected patients with positive tuberculin skin tests received daily Isoniazid (INH) for 12 months.
  • Follow-up was conducted for 3 years to monitor tuberculosis development.
  • Data on mortality and loss to follow-up were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Of 111 patients with complete 3-year follow-up, 12 developed active tuberculosis.
  • This incidence of TB was lower than anticipated for an untreated control group.
  • High rates of mortality (41) and loss to follow-up (94) were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis is an effective strategy for preventing clinical tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals with latent TB infection.
  • INH therapy demonstrates significant public health benefits in reducing TB incidence within this immunocompromised group.

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