[Errors in literature references in the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde]

Literature references contain a considerable number of inaccuracies, both in citations and in quotations. We investigated the accuracy of quotations and references in Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde. We checked at random 100 references of articles presented for publication during a period of 4 weeks using Index Medicus. The citation and quotation of another 100 references (50 with a reading list of less than 13, and 50 with a reading list of more than 24 articles) of published original articles were checked, using the original article. In the references of articles presented for publication 70% contained one or more inaccuracies. In the published articles 31% was not completely correct. In 5% these errors prevented immediate identification of the cited article. In one of every three articles a citation error was made: 5 trivial errors, 16 slightly misleading and 12 seriously misleading errors were found. We could not find a relation between the number of citation errors and the length of the reading list. The original source was not cited in 8 articles. Our conclusion is that the number of inaccuracies, in references as well as in citations, is high; authors should check this part of their articles more carefully. Notably the use of multiple references after a sentence with a number of statements is to be avoided.