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Crossing the apnoeic threshold: causes and consequences.

Jerome A Dempsey1

  • 1John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Rm. 4245 MSC, Madison, WI, USA. jdempsey@wisc.edu

Experimental Physiology
|December 2, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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This review explores the hypocapnic-induced apnoeic threshold during NREM sleep, highlighting carotid chemoreceptors and unstable respiratory output. These factors contribute to upper airway obstruction during sleep.

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Reviews the hypocapnic-induced apnoeic threshold unmasked during NREM sleep.
  • Examines the characteristics and lability of this threshold.
  • Discusses the mechanisms underlying hypocapnic apnoea.

Discussion:

  • Emphasizes the critical role of carotid chemoreceptors in detecting CO2 changes.
  • Places the peripheral chemoreceptor role in the context of central vs. peripheral CO2 sensing debate.
  • Presents evidence for central respiratory motor output instability.

Key Insights:

  • Carotid chemoreceptors are fast, sensitive detectors of dynamic CO2 changes.
  • Unstable central respiratory motor output significantly contributes to upper airway narrowing.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Hypocapnia during NREM sleep unmasks an apnoeic threshold.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research into central respiratory control mechanisms is warranted.
    • Understanding these mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for sleep-disordered breathing.
    • Investigating the interplay between chemoreception and central respiratory drive is crucial.