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Updated: Aug 20, 2026

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
Published on: October 15, 2013
Tetanus vaccination with IL-2 during highly active antiretroviral therapy induces sustained and pronounced specific
Gareth A D Hardy1, Nesrina Imami, Ann K Sullivan
1Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
HIV-1 infection results in profound dysfunction of the CD4 T-cell population. Although highly active antiretroviral therapy allows the reconstitution of CD4 T-cell numbers, functional abnormalities remain, including inadequate responses to vaccination. IL-2 increases CD4 T-cell numbers and function. We report the effects of IL-2 given with tetanus vaccination in two patients in a larger immunotherapy study. In one case IL-2 induced sustained responses, which may have been caused by the timing of IL-2 with vaccination.
HIV-1 infection results in profound dysfunction of the CD4 T-cell population. Although highly active antiretroviral therapy allows the reconstitution of CD4 T-cell numbers, functional abnormalities remain, including inadequate responses to vaccination. IL-2 increases CD4 T-cell numbers and function. We report the effects of IL-2 given with tetanus vaccination in two patients in a larger immunotherapy study. In one case IL-2 induced sustained responses, which may have been caused by the timing of IL-2 with vaccination.
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