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Nonlinear optics in the extreme ultraviolet.

Taro Sekikawa1, Atsushi Kosuge, Teruto Kanai

  • 1Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan.

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Researchers generated intense, isolated extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses using a novel nonlinear optical method. This breakthrough enables new applications in attosecond science and X-ray nonlinear optics.

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear optics
  • Attosecond science
  • Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) generation

Background:

  • Nonlinear optical responses are universal but challenging to observe in XUV/soft X-ray regions due to limited coherent light sources.
  • High harmonic generation (HHG) is crucial for attosecond pulse generation, requiring high pulse energy and short durations for strong optical electric fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the generation of intense isolated XUV pulses at a specific harmonic order.
  • To characterize these ultrashort XUV pulses using a novel autocorrelation technique.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of intense isolated pulses at 27.9 eV (ninth harmonic order) using sub-10-femtosecond blue laser pulses.
  • Characterization of XUV pulse durations (950 attoseconds and 1.3 femtoseconds) via two-photon above-threshold ionization of helium.

Main Results:

  • Successful generation of intense isolated XUV pulses from a single harmonic.
  • Demonstration of attosecond pulse duration characterization in the XUV region using helium ionization.

Conclusions:

  • The developed technique enables the generation and characterization of intense ultrashort XUV pulses.
  • This method can be extended for characterizing higher harmonics at shorter wavelengths, advancing nonlinear X-ray optics.