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Phospholipase A2 in cnidaria.

Timo J Nevalainen1, Heikki J Peuravuori, Ronald J Quinn

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. timo.nevalainen@utu.fi

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
|December 8, 2004
PubMed
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Cnidarian species, including corals and jellyfish, possess high levels of Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme activity. This enzyme likely contributes to prey capture, digestion, defense, and the irritation caused by cnidarian stings.

Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a key enzyme found in various venoms and bodily fluids.
  • Cnidarians, a diverse phylum including jellyfish and corals, are known for their potent stinging capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalytic activity across different classes of Cnidaria.
  • To investigate the potential roles of cnidarian PLA2 in ecological functions and envenomation.

Main Methods:

  • Tissue homogenates from 22 cnidarian species were analyzed for PLA2 activity.
  • Enzyme activity was measured and reported in units per gram of protein (U/g).

Main Results:

  • High PLA2 levels were detected in fire coral (Millepora sp.) and stony coral (Pocillopora damicornis).

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  • Significant PLA2 activity was also found in sea anemone acontia (Adamsia carciniopados) and tentacles of the box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri).

    • Conclusions:

    • Cnidarian PLA2 activity is widespread and particularly high in species causing skin irritation.
    • PLA2 likely plays crucial roles in cnidarian prey capture, digestion, defense, and envenomation responses.