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Updated: Aug 12, 2026

Human Blastocyst Biopsy and Vitrification
Published on: July 26, 2019
Legal and ethical issues arising with preimplantation human embryos
1School of Law, University of Texas, Austin 78705-3299.
Abstract:
The development of in vitro fertilization has led to ethical and legal controversies concerning actions with externalized preembryos. A legal and ethical consensus is emerging that preembryos are not legal persons or moral subjects, although they are owed special respect because of their ability to implant and come to term. In addition, gamete providers are recognized as having dispositional authority over whether preembryos will be created, cryopreserved, placed in a uterus, discarded, donated, or used in research. Prior agreements over preembryo disposition are the best way to minimize disputes between the gamete providers.
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