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Updated: Aug 17, 2026

An ELISA Based Binding and Competition Method to Rapidly Determine Ligand-receptor Interactions
Published on: March 14, 2016
A novel negative regulator for IL-1 receptor and Toll-like receptor 4
Foo Y Liew1, Haiying Liu, Damo Xu
1Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK. fyl1h@clinmed.gla.ac.uk
Abstract:
The Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) superfamily, defined by the presence of an intracellular TIR domain, initiates innate immunity via NF-kappaB activation, leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines. ST2 is a member of the TIR family that does not activate NF-kappaB and has been suggested as an important effector molecule of type 2 T helper cell responses. We have recently demonstrated that the membrane bound form of ST2 (ST2L) negatively regulated IL-1RI and TLR4 but not TLR3 signaling by sequestrating the adaptors MyD88 and Mal. In contrast to wild-type mice, ST2 deficient mice failed to develop endotoxin tolerance. Thus, ST2 suppresses IL-1R and TLR4 signaling via MyD88- and Mal-dependent pathways and modulates innate immunity. The results provide a molecular explanation for the role of ST2 in T(H)2 responses since inhibition of TLRs will promote a T(H)2 response and also identify ST2 as a key regulator of endotoxin tolerance.
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