Two plant fish-poisons in Lebanon

Area of Science:

• Marine Biology
• Ethnobotany
• Environmental Science

Background:

• The practice of using plant-derived substances for fishing is historically documented in various cultures.
• Lebanon's unique flora includes species with traditional medicinal and potentially toxic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report the first documented instance of a specific plant-based powder used for poisoning sea fish in Lebanese waters.
• To identify the botanical sources of this toxic powder and provide references to their known properties.

Main Methods:

• Field observation and sample collection of the toxic powder used by local fishermen.
• Botanical identification of the plant species used in the powder: Storax (Styrax officinalis L.) seeds and Common Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill.) tubers.
• Literature review on the properties of Styrax officinalis and Cyclamen persicum.

Main Results:

• The powder is confirmed to be a mixture derived from the seeds of Styrax officinalis and the tubers of Cyclamen persicum.
• Both species are indigenous and grow wild in Lebanon, making them accessible for local use.
• This represents the first reported case of this specific powder formulation being used for marine fish poisoning.

Conclusions:

• The use of Styrax officinalis and Cyclamen persicum seeds and tubers, respectively, constitutes a novel method for marine fish poisoning in the region.
• Understanding the ethnobotanical origins and application of such substances is crucial for monitoring and managing potential ecological impacts on marine ecosystems.